ุดุฑูˆุท ุชุฑุฎูŠุต ุงู„ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ - ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ุงู‚ู„ูŠู…ูŠ ุจุณุชุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฌ

ุณุงุนุงุช ุฏูˆุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู…ูŠุณ 8:00 -16:00

ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู 04-6295800 - 04-6295829
ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏุญูŠ - ู…ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ

ุดุฑูˆุท ุชุฑุฎูŠุต ุงู„ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ

ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื›ื!โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

  • ืžื ื”ืœ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืžื—ืœืงื”:โ€‹โ€‹ โ€‹ ืขืœื™ ื–ื•ืขื‘ื™
  • โ€‹ืฉืขื•ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืงื”ืœ 

โ€‹โ€‹ืžื—ืœืงืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขืกืง ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขืกืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื•ืกืชืืŸ ืืœืžืจื’ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื.

ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ื•ื—ื•ืงื™ืช .

ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• โ€“ ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—!

ื’ื ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช โ€“ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ื•ืขื“ื• ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™.

ืขืกืง โ€œื”ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™", ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื›ืœื™ ืื›ื™ืคื” ืžื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืฆื• ืกื’ื™ืจื” ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืขื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ื•ืœื›ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื—ื•ืง ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•!

ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืœื”ืงืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื.

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื–ืืช ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”, ื”ืžืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืขืœ ืขืกืง, ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ืื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื•, ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืชืฉื›โ€ื— โ€“ 1968

ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ืโ€‹(ืขโ€‹ืกืงื™ืโ€‹ ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™) ื”ืชืฉืขโ€ื’-

2103 (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืื—ื™ื“).

โ€‹ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืจื™โ€‹ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื

ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื, ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœืฉืคืจ ื•ืœื™ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืœื”ืงืœ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื–ืืช, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื.

ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืจโ€‹ืคื•ืจืžื”

  • ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืคืจื˜ ืื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื•ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ืžืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ, ืืฉืจ ื™ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืื—ื™ื“ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืกืง ืœื“ืขืช ืžืจืืฉ ืžื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื ื•ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื• ืฉืœ ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
  • ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื, ื”ืชื ืื™ื, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช (ืขื™ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช) ืžืกื•ื’ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืœืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืกืง ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ืžืจืืฉ ืžื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ื•.
  • ืชื ืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ืื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืช ื”ืชื ืื™ ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™.
    ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื’ื” ืœื’ื•ืจื ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื‘ ืœื‘ืขืœ ืขืกืง ืื• ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืื—ื™ื“ ื•ืœืžืขื˜ ืชื ืื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื™ืงื•ืง) ืื• ืขืœ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืชืช ืœื• ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ืฉืœื™ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ.
  • ื”ืœื™ืš ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืžื–ื•ืจื– ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืงืฃ ืžื”ื ืงื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืฉ ืžืจืืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืžืฆื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืขืžื™ื“ืชื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืชื•ืš ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืจื– ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™.
    ื”ืฆื• ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉืœืกื•ื’ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืืจื›ื” ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ (ื•ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืงื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขืกืง ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ืืช), ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืกืงื™ื, ื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ, ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
  • ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืงื ืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืชื ืื™ ืžืชื ืื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืกืง. ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืื—ื™ื“ ื”ืŸ ืœืืคืฉืจ, ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืขืกืง ื—ื“ืฉ, ืœื“ืขืช ืžืจืืฉ ืžื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื ื•ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ื‘ื”ืชืื.
    *
    ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš, ื”ืœื™ืš ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืžื–ื•ืจื– ืฉืื•ืจื›ื• ื”ืžืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ 28 ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืง. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ โ€“ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืื—ื™ื“ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื’ื ืชื ืื™ื ื•ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืขืœ ืขืกืง ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื (ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื โ€œื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืื—ื™ื“โ€). ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉโ€ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืื—ื™ื“โ€ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืื ืœื ืคื•ืจื˜ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืืจืฆื™..

ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื โ€“ ืžโ€‹ืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ืโ€‹

ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืœืจื™โ€‹โ€‹ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืง

ื‘ืขืœ ืขืกืงโ€‹โ€‹

ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืกืง, ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืขืกืง ืื• ื”ืื“ื ืฉื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื—ื• ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื• ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืื’ื™ื“.

ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ืืจืฆื™

ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื”, ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ:

  1. ืจืืฉ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ืขืกืง ืื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืงืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืกืžื™ืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”;
  2. ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืงืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืกืžื™ืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”;
  3. ื ืฆื™ื‘ ื›ื‘ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื” ืื• ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืกืžื™ืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”;
  4. ื”ืžืคืงื— ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืกืžื™ืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.

 

ื—ื•ืง ืจโ€‹ื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ืโ€‹โ€‹

ื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื, ื”ืชืฉื›โ€ื—-1968โ€‹, ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืกืžื™ืš ื”ื—ื•ืง ืืช ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 1 ืœื—ื•ืง:

  1. ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื ืื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ืžืคื’ืขื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื“ื™ื
  2. ืžื ื™ืขืช ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื•ื“ ื•ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช
  3. ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขืกืง ืื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื•
  4. ืžื ื™ืขืช ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
  5. ืžื ื™ืขืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื”, ื‘ื“ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
  6. ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื ืื™ ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ื ืื•ืชื™ื  
  7. ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื›ื‘ืื•ืช

โ€‹ื ื•ืชื ื™โ€‹ ืื™ืฉื•ืจโ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืฉื”ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื• ืœืชืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ืขืžื:

 

 

 

ืžโ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืคืจื˜ ืโ€‹โ€‹ื—ื™ื“โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ืžืคืจื˜, ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 7ื’1 ืœื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื

ื”ืžืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžื˜ืขืžื ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 7 ืœื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 6 ื“ ืœื—ื•ืง, ืžืขืกืง ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืื—ื™ื“, ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืคืจื˜.

ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืงื“ืโ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืžืกืคืงื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™. ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ:

  • ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืกืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืฆื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื.
  • ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืกืง.
  • ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช.
  • ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื.
  • ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“.
  • ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื.
  • ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ืขืกืง.

ืขืกืงื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ืกื•ื’ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฆื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื (ืขืกืงื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™), ื”ืชืฉืขโ€ื’-2013 , ืืฉืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื ืื™ ืœื”ืงืžืชื. ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืœืขืฉืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช, ื•ื”ืฆื• ืžืคืจื˜ ื’ื ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื

ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืงโ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืกืง ื‘ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื•ื”ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ืขืกืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืงื™ืŸ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ืœื ื›ืœ ืขืกืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ืืœื ืจืง ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื(ืขืกืงื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™), ื”ืชืฉืขโ€ื’-2013     https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/500_849.htmโ€‹

ื›ืขืกืงื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™.

ืชื ืื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืกืง, ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ ืื• ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ, ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ืชื ืื™ื โ€“ ืชื ืื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืชื ืื™ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื ืื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืชื ืื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืงื™ื•ื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™. ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืื—ื™ื“ (ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’ ืขืกืง ืžืคืจื˜ ืื—ื™ื“) ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื”. ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 7 ืœื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื.

ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืขืกืง, ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ื‘ืขืกืง ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืกืง, ืืš ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืกืง.

ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืจื–โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง, ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืจื ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ. ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืจื– ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืช ืจืง ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื›ืš ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฆื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืชืฉืขโ€ื’ 2013 ื˜ื•ืจ ื“โ€™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ืคื•ืจืกื ืžืคืจื˜ ืื—ื™ื“.

ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืœื•ืชโ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืกืง, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืขืœ ืื• ื’ืจื™ืขืชื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื”  ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš, ื”ืชืฉื›โ€ื—-1968.

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ืžื™ื•ื–ืžืชื” ืื• ืžื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ, ืื ื”ืขืกืง ื—ืจื’ ืžืชื ืื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืชื‘ืฆืข ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ืœืฉื˜ื•ื— ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.

ื”ืฉื’ื”โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ื”ื’ืฉืช ืขืจืจ ืขืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ืขืœ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืชืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืจื– ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉ ืขโ€ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืจื•ืื” ืขืฆืžื• ื ืคื’ืข ืžื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ืžืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช.

ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”โ€‹โ€‹

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ื•ืžืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ/ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื›ื“ื™ ืžืกืžืš โ€œืžืคืจื˜ ืื—ื™ื“โ€.

ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ โ€œืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸโ€ ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“.

ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘โ€ืคืขื™ืžื•ืชโ€, ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืชืคืจืกื ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ(โ€œื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืโ€) ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืชืคืจืกื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื•ื”ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ.

ืชื•ืงืฃ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ(2013) โ€“  ืชื•ืงืคื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืฆื• ื™ื•ืคืขืœ ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ืžืคืจื˜ ืื—ื™ื“ ืœืขื™ืกื•ืง. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื˜ืจื ืคื•ืจืกื ืžืคืจื˜ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืงืคื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื (2000).

ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช โ€“

ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ืœื”ื ืžืคืจื˜ ืื—ื™ื“ โ€“ ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ืžื™ื“ื™.

ืขืกืงื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ืœื”ื ืžืคืจื˜ ืื—ื™ื“ โ€“ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืช 3 ืฉื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืžืคืจื˜.

ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืฉโ€‹โ€‹ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืœื”ื ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืคืจื˜ ืื—ื™ื“ ืื• ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ืžืคืจื˜ ืื—ื™ื“ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช:โ€‹โ€‹

โ€‹

ืชืžืœื•ืœ ืชืจืฉื™ื ื”โ€‹ื–ืจื™ืžื”:

  • ื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืข"ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืขืกืง ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื
  • ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ื•ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืืฉืจื™ื ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืฆื•
    • ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
    • ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    • ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
    • ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขืจื™ื ืœื›ื‘ืื•ืช
    • ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
    • ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช
    • ืื—ืจ ืขืค"ื™ ื—ื•ืง
    • ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™
  • ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื
    • ืื™ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ > ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ืœื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช
    • ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ > ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง

ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ื™ื https://www.gov.il/he/departments/units/reform1/govil-landing-pageโ€‹

ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœื›ื‘ืื•ืช ื•โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืฆืœื”โ€‹โ€‹

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ื‘-2017, ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืจืžืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืฉ ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ืœื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ืื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง, ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืง ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืจืžืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.

ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื”, ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืืฉ, ื•ืžืขื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ืฆื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื (ืขืกืงื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™) (ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ), ื”ืชืฉืขโ€ื– 2017.

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืจืžืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืฉ ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื™ื’ื™ืฉื• ืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ื—ืชื•ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืกืง ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ืื•ืช. ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืฉ ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืชืฆื”ื™ืจ, ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืง ื—โ€™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืื—ื™ื“ื™ื/ ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืคืจืกืžื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช

ืืชืจื™ ืžืฉโ€‹โ€‹ืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื”โ€‹โ€‹

ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืงโ€‹โ€‹

ืงื‘ืœืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืชื ื” ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื•ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ, ื•ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.  ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื™ืคืชื—ื• ื•ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืง ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื•ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื, ืืœื ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื. ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืง ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื, ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ื”, ืชื ืื™ ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ื ืื•ืชื™ื ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื•. ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœืื›ื” ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ื•ืคืกื•ืœืช, ืขืฉืŸ ื•ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™, ื•ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื•ืฆืืชื ืœืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื›ืš. ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืฉื ื”ืคืขืœืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื–ื•ื”ืžื” ื•ืœื›ืœื•ืš, ืขืœ ืœืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžื•ืฆืจ ืขืคโ€ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชืงืŸ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจื•. ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœื”ืคืขืœืชื ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื”, ื”ืชืงื ืช ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžืชืงื ื™ ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช, ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื•โ€™. ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžืชืžืฉืš ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขื“ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืกืง ื•ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœื•, ื‘ื›ืคื™ืคื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืชืงื ื•ืชื™ื•. ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžืืฉืจ, ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ื ืขืฉื• ืกื•ื“ืจื• ื•ื”ื•ืชืงื ื• ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ื”ืคืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืกืง, ื•ื›ื™ ืžื•ืœืื• ื›ืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง.

ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ืš:โ€‹

ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ื”ื™ื ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืจื‘. ืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื“ืงืช ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ.

ื‘ื“ื•ืง:โ€‹โ€‹

ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืกืง ื›ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืขืคโ€ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื‘ื ื”.

ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™โ€‹

โ€‹โ€‹ืฉืœื‘ ืโ€™ โ€“ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื”โ€‹

  1. โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื—ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืกืง ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ื‘ืœืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืฆื•ื™ ืžืื“ ืฉืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ื˜ืจื ืชื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื”. โ€‹ืืœ ืชืฉืงื™ืข ื•ืชืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื›ืกืคืš ื‘ืขืกืง ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื• ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ!!!
  2. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืกืง ืฉื”ื•ื โ€œื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™โ€, ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื‘ืงืฉื”.
  3. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ:โ€‹
  • โ€‹ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืง, ื•ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืขืกืง.
  • โ€‹ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ื“ื•โ€™, ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื•ื ื‘ืขืกืง ืฉื˜ื— ื•ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืขืกืง.

 ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ:โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

  1. ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืกืง ืขืคโ€ื™ ืฆื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื.
  2. ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืกืง ื•ืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขืกืง, ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื—ื ื™ื™ื”, ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื•โ€™.
  3. ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืžื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•โ€™.
  4. ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื.
  5. ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืขืกืง ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืขื•ื“ ืื• ืœ โ€“ โ€ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ืจื’โ€ ืขืคโ€ื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.
  6. ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืขืกืง.
  7. ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืง, ืžืคื” ืžื™ืฆื‘ื™ืช, ืชืจืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื.
  8. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขืกืง ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืžืงื“ืžื™ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืื• ืžื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ. ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื’ืจื” ื•ื‘ื”ื’ืฉื” ื˜ืคืกื™ื ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืง.

โ€‹โ€‹ืฉืœื‘ ื‘โ€™ โ€“ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื’ืจื”โ€‹

ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื•ืคืก ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื•ื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•.

ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชื›ืœื•ืœโ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืง, ื›ืžื• ืชืจืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขืกืง, ืžืคื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืช ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขืกืง (ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช) ื—ืชื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžื•ืกืžืš, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืื’ืจื”. ืื ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœ โ€“ โ€ ืžืคืขืœ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸโ€, ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฆืจืฃ ืชื™ืง ืžืคืขืœ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืชื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ( ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื).

ืžื—ืœืงืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืื’ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื•ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“โ€ื› ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ( ื›ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฆื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื).

ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช:

  1. ืื’ืจืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืœืขืกืง.
  2. ืื’ืจืช ื›ืคืœ ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ.
  3. ืื’ืจืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ( ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืฉื•ืœืžื” ืื’ืจืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ).

ื”ืขืจื”

  • โ€‹ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœืกืจื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง, ืื ืœื ืฆื•ืจืคื• ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื.

ืฉืœื‘ ื’โ€™ โ€“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื”โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื” ืชื ืคื™ืง ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœืžื‘ืงืฉ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืื•ืฉืจื”.

ืฉืœื‘ ื“โ€™ โ€“ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจโ€‹โ€‹

ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื•ืขื‘ืจืช ืขโ€ื™ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื (ื›ื‘ืื•ืช, ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื”ืชืžโ€ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช) ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆื•ืจืš, ืœืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื ื•ืชื ืื™ื”ื ืื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื ื”ืžื ื•ืžืงืช ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืขืกืง.

ืฉืœื‘ ื•โ€™ โ€“ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง / ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง / ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื•ื”ื—ืชืžืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืœืคื™ื” ืœื ื ืขืฉื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื ื‘ืขืกืง ื•ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“.

ื”ืขืจื”: 

  • โ€‹ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืžืืฉืจ / ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ืžืชืื ืœืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืงื” ืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืง, ื•ืœื ื™ืชื ื” ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ. ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื™ืฉืžืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื“ืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช.

ืฉืœื‘ ื”โ€™ โ€“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ / ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ.

  • ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช โ€“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืขื•ืจื›ืช ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ / ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืขืกืง ื•ืžื—ืชื™ืžื” ืืช ืจืืฉ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ.
  • ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ โ€“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืชื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžื ื•ืžืง ืขืœ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ.
  • ืžืชืŸ ืชื ืื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื™ื ื ืžืืฉืจื™ื ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืขืกืง ื˜ืจื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชื ืื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ.

ืฉืœื‘ ื•โ€™ โ€“ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง / ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง / ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื•ื”ื—ืชืžืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืœืคื™ื” ืœื ื ืขืฉื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื ื‘ืขืกืง ื•ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“.

ื”ืขืจื”:

  • ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืื™ื ื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื”ื ืคื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ.
  • ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง / ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ื—ืชื•ืžื” ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืœืžื” ื”ืื’ืจื”.

ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชโ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ืœื”ืงืžืช ืขืกืง ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ืชืงืฉืจืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืื ื”ืขืกืง ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ืžื”ื ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื”.

ืขืจืขื•ืจ:โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

 ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืš ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ / ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืโ€‹ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ืื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืื™ื ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื

ื”ืฉื’ื”โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืš ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืœื ืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชื ืื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื“ืขืชืš ืขโ€ื™ ืฉื•ืจืชื™ ื”ื›ื‘ืื•ืช

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ:โ€‹โ€‹

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืงืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœืฉื˜ื•ื— ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ืš ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.

โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ืš:

  • โ€‹ื”โ€‹ืฆื’โ€‹โ€‹ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ: ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืกืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜.
  • ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™: ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชื“ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง, ื”ืฉืงืขืชืš ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืจื“ืช ืœื˜ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ืš ืฆืคื™ ืœืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง.
  • ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ: ืขืœื™ืš ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืขืกืง, ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืขืกืง, ืื• ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ.
  • ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื”: ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืขืกืง ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ืžื•ืœืื• ื”ื—ื•ืง.

ืžื—ื•ื‘ืชืš ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื–ื•!

ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ืขืกืง ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื’ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืื• ืžื–ื•ืจื– ื•ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ื ืื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื•.

ื”ื’ื“โ€‹โ€‹ืจื•ืช:โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

โ€œื“ืจื™ืฉื”โ€ โ€“ ืชื ืื™ ืื• ืžืกืžืš ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง, ืœืžืขื˜ ืชื ืื™ ืื• ืžืกืžืš ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื™ืงื•ืง.

โ€œื”ืฉื’ื”โ€ โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืกืขืฃ 7ื’5 ืœื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื, ื”ืชืฉื›โ€ื— โ€“ 1968 (ืœื”ืœืŸ โ€“ ื”ื—ื•ืง), ืขืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ืขืœ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืชืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืจื–.

โ€œืžืฉื™ื’โ€ โ€“ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืจื–, ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื”ืจื•ืื” ืขืฆืžื• ื ืคื’ืข ืžื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ืžืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืชืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ืืžื•ืจ.

ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืชื ืื™ื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื’ื”?โ€‹โ€‹

ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื’ื” ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ื, ื—ื•ืงื™ ืขื–ืจ, ื—ื™ืงื•ืง ืื—ืจ ืื• ืชืงื ื”.

ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื’ื”?โ€‹โ€‹

ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ืขืกืง.

ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืชื ืื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื’ื”?โ€‹โ€‹

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื’ื” ืจืง ืขืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ืœื”ื ืžืคืจื˜ ืื—ื™ื“. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื’ื” ืจืง ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืชื ืื™ ืื• ืžืกืžืš ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง (ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืื—ื™ื“) ืื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืจื–.

ืžื”ื• ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื”?โ€‹โ€‹

  • ื”ื”ืฉื’ื” ืชื•ื’ืฉ ืœืคื™ ื˜ื•ืคืก 9 ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช
  • ื™ืฆื•ืจืฃ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื’ืจื”
  • ื”ื”ืฉื’ื” ืชื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื
  • ืœื›ืœ ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฉื’ื” ื™ืฆื•ืจืคื• ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื–ืžื ื™, ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืจื– ืื• ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœืชื ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืžื•ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื”.
  • ื™ืฆื•ืจืฃ ื›ืœ ืžืกืžืš ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
  • ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื” ื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ืœื• ื”ื”ืฉื’ื”, ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืฉื’ื”, ืžื•ืขื“ ืงื‘ืœืชื”, ื”ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื’ื” ื•ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื’ ืฉื™ื”ื•ื• ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื”, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื•.
  • ืžืฉื™ื’ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืœื™ื™ืช ืชื•ืงืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื”, ื™ืฆืจืฃ ืœื”ืฉื’ื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื ื•ืžืงืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.

ืœืžื™ ืชื•ื’ืฉ ื”ื”ืฉื’ื”?โ€‹โ€‹

ื”ืฉื’ื” ืชื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื•ืชืงื™ื:

  • ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ืืจืฆื™, ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืžื•ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื” ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืžื˜ืขืžื• ืื• ืœืงื™ื•ื ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคืงื“ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 1 ืœื—ื•ืง.
  • โ€‹ื”ืžืฉื™ื’ ื™ื’ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืชืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืฉื’ื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ (ืื ื”ื”ืฉื’ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื’ืฉืช ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™). ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื” ื˜ืขื ื” ืœืื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ืขื ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ืžื˜ืขื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืื• ืœืงื™ื•ื ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคืงื“ ืขืœื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืชืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžื”ื”ืฉื’ื” ืœื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ืกืžืš ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืžื˜ืขื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจ. ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืื™ื ื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื” ืœื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™. ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื” ืœื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ืืชืจื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืืชืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ (ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™).

ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื”?โ€‹โ€‹

ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื’ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืื• ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื’ืจื” ื”ื–ื”ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื” ืœืื’ืจืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™.

ื”ืื ื’ื•ืจื ืืจืฆื™ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื”?โ€‹โ€‹

ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ืืจืฆื™ ืจืฉืื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื ื•ืžืงืช ืžื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฉื’ื” ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ 15 ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืžืฉื™ื’ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฉื’ื”, ื™ืฆืจืฃ ืœื”ืฉื’ื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื ื•ืžืงืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.

ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื”โ€‹โ€‹

ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ืกืžืš ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ื’ืฉืชื”.

ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ืืจืฆื™ ืจืฉืื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื ื•ืžืงืช ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ืขื“ 30 ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.

ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื’ื” ืขืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ, ืจืฉืื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ืืจืฆื™ (ืžื˜ืขื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ), ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘- 90 ื™ืžื™ื, ืื ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืื—ื™ื“. ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืžืฉื™ื’ ื•ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™.

ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื” ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื˜ืขื ื” ืœืื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ, ืจืฉืื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื ื•ืžืงืช, ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘- 120 ื™ืžื™ื.

ื”ืฉื’ื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ

ื”ืฉื’ื” ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื˜ืขื ื” ืœืื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื“ืจื™ืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, ืชื•ื›ืจืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉืžืข ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ื™ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ืกืžืš ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™.

ืžื” ื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื•ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ื”ืฉื’ื”?โ€‹โ€‹

ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฉื’ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ืื• โ€œืžืงืคื™ืื”โ€ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, ืืœื ืื ืงื‘ืข ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ื“ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื” ืื—ืจืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ื’ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ืชืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืื• ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืฉื’ื”. ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืœื™ื” ืชื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฉื™ื’ ื•ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, ื•ื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ื” ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื•ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืชืœื™ื”.

ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ื”โ€‹โ€‹ืฉื’ื”โ€‹

ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ืกืžืš ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ื’ืฉืชื”.

ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ืืจืฆื™ ืจืฉืื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื ื•ืžืงืช ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ืขื“ 30 ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.

ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื’ื” ืขืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ, ืจืฉืื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ืืจืฆื™ (ืžื˜ืขื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ), ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘- 90 ื™ืžื™ื, ืื ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืื—ื™ื“. ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืžืฉื™ื’ ื•ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™.

ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื” ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื˜ืขื ื” ืœืื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ, ืจืฉืื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื ื•ืžืงืช, ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘- 120 ื™ืžื™ื.

ื”ืฉื’ื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ

ื”ืฉื’ื” ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื˜ืขื ื” ืœืื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื“ืจื™ืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, ืชื•ื›ืจืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉืžืข ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ื™ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ืกืžืš ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™.

ืžื” ื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื•ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ื”ืฉื’ื”?

ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฉื’ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ืื• โ€œืžืงืคื™ืื”โ€ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, ืืœื ืื ืงื‘ืข ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ื“ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื” ืื—ืจืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ื’ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ืชืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืื• ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืฉื’ื”. ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืœื™ื” ืชื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฉื™ื’ ื•ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, ื•ื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ื” ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื•ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืชืœื™ื”.

ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ืขืกืง ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื’ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืื• ืžื–ื•ืจื– ื•ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ื ืื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื•.

ื”ื’ื“ืจโ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื•ืช:โ€‹โ€‹

โ€œื“ืจื™ืฉื”โ€ โ€“ ืชื ืื™ ืื• ืžืกืžืš ืฉื“ืจโ€‹ืฉื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง, ืœืžืขื˜ ืชื ืื™ ืื• ืžืกืžืš ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื™ืงื•ืง.

โ€œื”ืฉื’ื”โ€ โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืกืขืฃ 7ื’5 ืœื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื, ื”ืชืฉื›โ€ื— โ€“ 1968 (ืœื”ืœืŸ โ€“ ื”ื—ื•ืง), ืขืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ืขืœ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืชืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืจื–.

โ€œืžืฉื™ื’โ€ โ€“ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืจื–, ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื”ืจื•ืื” ืขืฆืžื• ื ืคื’ืข ืžื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ืžืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืชืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ืืžื•ืจ.

ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืข ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง

ื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 7ื’ ืจื‘ืชื™ ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ.

ืžื”ื—ื•ืง:โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹

  1. ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืžื™ื•ื–ืžืชื” ืื• ืžื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ.
  2. ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื•.
  3. โ€‹ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–ื”, ืชืฉืœื— ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื–ืžื ื™, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืคื• ื‘ืชื•ื 60 ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ.

ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžืืฉืจ, ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ื ืขืฉื• ืกื•ื“ืจื• ื•ื”ื•ืชืงื ื• ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ื”ืคืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืกืง, ื•ื›ื™ ืžื•ืœืื• ื›ืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง.

ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช ืข"ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•/ืื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืขืกืง ืฉื˜ืจื ื ืคืชื— ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ/ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง.

ืื’ืจื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™

ืื’ืจื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืชืฉื•ืœื ืขื ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื”.

ืื’ืจื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืชืฉื•ืœื ืขื ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง.

ื‘ืชืงื ื” 34 ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื  ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™:

  1. ื‘ืขื“ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง, ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืจื– ืชืฉื•ืœื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืื’ืจื”, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขืกืง ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืฆื•. ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืชืงื ื” 34(ื’) ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื’ื‘ืชื” ืื’ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืœื ืชื™ื’ื‘ื” ืื’ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ.
  2. ื‘ืขื“ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื•ืœื ืื’ืจื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™.

ืื’ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื-

  • ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืžืงื“ืžื™ืช
  • ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฉื’ื”
  • ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขืชืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืื‘ื“, ื”ื•ืฉื—ืช ืื• ื˜ื•ืฉื˜ืฉ (ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืื’ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืžืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ).

ื—ืงื™ืงื”:โ€‹โ€‹

ืชืงื ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื (ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืชโ€‹), ื”ืชืฉืกโ€ืโ€‹-2000

 

 

ุงุฑุณู„ ุชูˆุฌู‡